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| 1498 |
| | | Vasco da Gama reaches the southern coast of India, at Calicut, after sailing across the Indian Ocean from east Africa | |
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| 1500 |
| | | Portuguese explorer Pedro Cabral, with a fleet of thirteen ships, makes landfall in Brazil | |
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| c. 1500 |
| | | The Portuguese establish trading posts in east Africa, on the coast of Mozambique | |
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| 1502 |
| | | Vasco da Gama wins a trading treaty for Portuguese merchants after bombarding the Indian port of Calicut into submission | |
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| 1503 |
| | | The Portuguese set up a trading post on the east African island of Zanzibar | |
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| 1505 |
| | | The Portuguese establish a presence in Sri Lanka, trading in the island's crop of cinammon | |
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| 1510 |
| | | The Portuguese seize Goa and make it their colonial capital in India | |
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| 1511 |
| | | The Portuguese take control of Malacca, in the Malay peninsula, as a base for trade further east | |
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| 1512 |
| | | The Portuguese make treaties in the Moluccas (or Spice Islands), to trade in cloves and nutmeg | |
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| 1514 |
| | | The Portuguese capture Hormuz and establish a garrison to control the Gulf of Oman | |
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